Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) regulates cell growth and differentiation, apoptosis,
cell motility, extracellular matrix production, angiogenesis, and cellular immunity. It has a …

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine, secreted by a variety of
cells including immune cells, tumor cells, and stromal cells. TGF-β signaling is dysregulated …

Natural killer (NK) cells are promising effector cells for adjuvant immunotherapy of cancer.
So far, several preclinical studies have shown the feasibility of gene-engineered NK cells …

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) proteins are multifunctional cytokines whose neural
functions are increasingly recognized. The machinery of TGF-β signaling, including the …

The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-!) belongs to a superfamily of cytokines that act on
protein kinase receptors at the plasma membrane to induce a plethora of biological signals …

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most frequently occurring tumors in the central
nervous system and the most malignant tumor among gliomas. Despite aggressive …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily ligands have important roles in regulating
cellular homeostasis, embryonic development, differentiation, proliferation, immune …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine, with important roles in
maintaining tissue homeostasis. TGF-β signals via transmembrane serine/threonine kinase …

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is the most abundant and widely distributed glycosaminoglycan
(GAG) in the human body. As a component of proteoglycans (PGs) it has numerous roles in …

Purpose: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is expressed at high levels by glioma cells and
contributes to the malignant phenotype of glioblastoma. However, its therapeutic targeting …