Gliomas are the common type of brain tumors originating from glial cells. Epidemiologically,
gliomas occur among all ages, more often seen in adults, which males are more susceptible …

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a WHO grade IV glioma and the most common malignant,
primary brain tumor with a 5-year survival of 7.2%. Its highly infiltrative nature, genetic …

In one decade, immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) has become
a new pillar of cancer treatment following surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted …

Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising cancer treatment modality. Despite the rapid
progress in cancer immunotherapy, the therapeutic efficiency and clinical translation of …

Glioblastoma (GBM) treatment has remained almost unchanged for more than 20 years. The
current standard of care involves surgical resection (if possible) followed by concomitant …

Gliomas, the most common malignant primary brain tumours, remain universally lethal. Yet,
seminal discoveries in the past 5 years have clarified the anatomy, genetics and function of …

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest form of brain cancer, with a median survival of less than
2 years despite surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. GBM's rapid progression …

Immune surveillance against pathogens and tumours in the central nervous system is
thought to be limited owing to the lack of lymphatic drainage. However, the characterization …

Current immunotherapies yield remarkable clinical outcomes by boosting the power of host
immunity in cancer cell elimination and viral clearance. However, after prolonged antigen …

Glioblastoma is the most common primary central nervous system malignancy and has a
poor prognosis. Standard first-line treatment, which includes surgery followed by adjuvant …