Anionic phospholipids, which include phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, and
phosphoinositides, represent a small percentage of membrane lipids. They are able to …

Pollen tubes elongate within the pistil to transport sperms to the female gametophytes for
fertilization. Pollen tubes grow at their tips through a rapid and polarized cell growth process …

Despite much effort, a robust protocol for in vitro germination of Arabidopsis thaliana pollen
has been elusive. Here we show that controlled temperatures, a largely disregarded factor in …

The exocyst protein complex mediates vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane. By
expressing an (X) FP-tagged Arabidopsis thaliana homolog of the exocyst protein Exo70 in …

Polarized exocytosis is essential for many vital processes in eukaryotic cells, where
secretory vesicles are targeted to distinct plasma membrane domains characterized by their …

In the Brassicaceae, compatible pollen–pistil interactions result in pollen adhesion to the
stigma, while pollen grains from unrelated plant species are largely ignored. There can also …

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst) is a virulent pathogen that causes disease
on tomato and Arabidopsis. The type III secretion system (TTSS) plays a key role in …

Autophagic transport to the vacuole represents an endomembrane trafficking route, which is
widely used in plants, not only during stress situations, but also for vacuole biogenesis and …

The exocyst, an octameric tethering complex and effector of Rho and Rab GTPases,
facilitates polarized secretion in yeast and animals. Recent evidence implicates three plant …

The exocyst is a hetero‐oligomeric protein complex involved in exocytosis and has been
extensively studied in yeast and animal cells. Evidence is now accumulating that the exocyst …