Migration is the regular seasonal movement of animals from one place to another, often from
a breeding site to a nonbreeding site and back. Because the act of migration makes it …

Glacial cycles have played a dominant role in shaping the genetic structure and distribution
of biota in northwestern North America. The two major ice age refugia of Beringia and the …

Modern attempts to produce biogeographic maps focus on the distribution of species, and
the maps are typically drawn without phylogenetic considerations. Here, we generate a …

Short DNA sequences from a standardized region of the genome provide a DNA barcode for
identifying species. Compiling a public library of DNA barcodes linked to named specimens …

The biotic consequences of climate change have attracted considerable attention. In
particular, the “refugial debate” centers on the possible retraction of habitats to limited areas …

Many migratory songbirds follow circuitous migratory routes instead of taking the shortest
path between overwintering and breeding areas. Here, we study the migration patterns in …

The phenomenon of bird migration has fascinated people from time immemorial. The
arrivals and departures of different species marked the seasons, heralding spring and …

The birds in the family Parulidae—commonly termed the New World warblers or wood-
warblers—are a classic model radiation for studies of ecological and behavioral …

Two new compounds, an ent-isopimarane-type diterpene, 3α, 12α-dihydroxy-ent-8 (14), 15-
isopimaradien-18-al (1), and a dihydrobenzo [b] furan neolignan,(−)-trans-9-acetyl-4, 9 '-di-O …

Genetic variation in a species enhances the capability of organism to adapt to changing
environment and is necessary for survival of the species. Genetic variation arises between …