Two factors have elevated recent academic and policy interest in tropical deforestation: first,
the realization that it is a major contributor to climate change; and second, a revolution in …

Free-riding is at the core of environmental problems. If a climate coalition reduces its
emissions, world prices change and nonparticipants typically emit more; they may also …

The world is facing serious environmental problems. Some are local or confined within
countries or regions, such as poor urban air quality in rapidly growing economies, or poor …

Carbon emissions have global consequences. The international community may therefore
wish to intervene when domestic regulation fails. Indeed, free-riding incentives, political …

The green paradox states that a gradually more ambitious climate policy such as a
renewables subsidy or an anticipated carbon tax induces fossil fuel owners to extract more …

Public regulation is increasingly facing competition from “private politics” in the form of
activism and corporate self-regulation. However, its effectiveness, welfare consequences …

Unconditional conservation payments are increasingly used by non‐governmental
conservation organizations to further their environmental objectives. One key objective in …

This article provides a flexible model of resource extraction, such as deforestation, and
derives the optimal conservation contract. When property rights are “strong” and districts are …

Every government that controls an exhaustible resource must decide whether to exploit it or
conserve it and thereby let the subsequent government decide whether to exploit or …

This paper presents a distributional argument for the use of supply-side climate policies
whereby carbon emissions are controlled through (i) depletion quotas or (ii) permanent …