Helping B cells and antibody responses is a major function of CD4+ T cells. It has been 10
years since the publication of Bcl6 as the lineage-defining transcription factor for T follicular …

Germinal centers (GCs) are the site of antibody diversification and affinity maturation and as
such are vitally important for humoral immunity. The study of GC biology has undergone a …

Summary CD4 T follicular helper (TFH) cells support B cells, which are critical for germinal
center (GC) formation, but the importance of TFH-B cell interactions in cancer is unclear. We …

Although CD4+ T cell" help" is crucial to sustain antiviral immunity, the mechanisms by
which CD4+ T cells regulate CD8+ T cell differentiation during chronic infection remain …

Humoral immunity depends on the germinal centre (GC) reaction during which somatically
mutated high-affinity memory B cells and plasma cells are generated. Recent studies have …

Following infection, T cells differentiate into a heterogeneous population of effector T cells
that can mediate pathogen clearance. A subset of these effector T cells possesses the ability …

Calcium (Ca 2+) signals play fundamental roles in immune cell function. The main sources
of Ca 2+ influx in mammalian lymphocytes following antigen receptor stimulation are Ca 2+ …

CD4+ T cell-derived interleukin 21 (IL-21) sustains CD8+ T cell responses during chronic
viral infection, but the helper subset that confers this protection remains unclear. Here, we …

Germinal centers (GCs), transient structures within B cell follicles and central to affinity
maturation, require the coordinated behavior of T and B cells. IL-21, a pleiotropic T cell …

Higher-or lower-affinity germinal center (GC) B cells are directed either to plasma cell or GC
recycling, respectively; however, how commitment to the plasma cell fate takes place is …