Ca2+-release channels are giant membrane proteins that control the release of Ca2+ from
the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum. The two members, ryanodine receptors …

Cardiac contractility is regulated by changes in intracellular Ca concentration ([Ca2+] i).
Normal function requires that [Ca2+] i be sufficiently high in systole and low in diastole …

Ion channels play a central role in the regulation of nearly every cellular process. Dating
back to the classic 1952 Hodgkin–Huxley model of the generation of the action potential, ion …

Of the ions involved in the intricate workings of the heart, calcium is considered perhaps the
most important. It is crucial to the very process that enables the chambers of the heart to …

Ca2+ is a fundamental second messenger in all cell types and is required for numerous
essential cellular functions, including cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction. The …

Development of insecticides with unique modes of action is necessary to combat
widespread insecticide resistance. A new class of insecticides has been discovered, the …

The calcium ion (Ca2+) is the simplest and most versatile intracellular messenger known.
The discovery of Ca2+ sparks and a related family of elementary Ca2+ signaling events has …

In cardiomyocytes, invaginations of the sarcolemmal membrane called t-tubules are critically
important for triggering contraction by excitation-contraction (EC) coupling. These structures …

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Abstract Ryanodine receptors (RyRs)/Ca2+ release channels, on the endoplasmic and
sarcoplasmic reticulum of most cell types, are required for intracellular Ca2+ release …