Cytokines are small secreted proteins released by different types of cells with specific effects
on cellular signaling and communication via binding to their receptors on the cell surface. IL …

Background: Pathological pain conditions can be triggered after peripheral nerve injury
and/or inflammation. It is a major clinical problem that is poorly treated with available …

Objectives: This review presents and discusses basic science findings and scientific
evidence generated within the last 2 decades in the field of acute postoperative pain …

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has become a popular technology for the
treatment of bacterial infections. The development of antimicrobial agents combining …

Complementary and alternative medicines such as herbal medicines are not currently part of
the conventional medical system. As the popularity of and global market for herbal medicine …

Lesion or disease of the somatosensory system leads to the development of neuropathic
pain. Peripheral neuropathic pain encompasses damage or injury of the peripheral nervous …

Cutaneous somatosensory neurons convey innocuous and noxious mechanical, thermal,
and chemical stimuli from peripheral tissues to the CNS. Among these are nociceptive …

What is known and objective Current analgesic pharmacotherapy—opioids, non‐steroidal
anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID s), acetaminophen (paracetamol) and related drugs—is …

Mechanisms of acute and chronic pain after surgery: update f... : Current Opinion in
Anesthesiology Mechanisms of acute and chronic pain after surgery: update from findings in …

The urgent need for more effective analgesic treatment options has prompted a re-
evaluation of the behavioral tests used to assess pain in pre-clinical research, with an …