Any intrinsic or extrinsic stimulus that evokes a biological response is known as stress. The
compensatory responses to these stresses are known as stress responses. Based on the …

For the last five decades, science has managed to delineate the mechanisms by which
stress hormones can impact on the human brain. Receptors for glucocorticoids are found in …

Depression, a severe psychiatric disorder, has been studied for decades, but the underlying
mechanisms still remain largely unknown. Depression is closely associated with alterations …

Environmental challenges are part of daily life for any individual. In fact, stress appears to be
increasingly present in our modern, and demanding, industrialized society. Virtually every …

Stress can affect cognition in many ways, with the outcome (ie, facilitating or impairing)
depending on a combination of factors related to both stress and the cognitive function …

The hippocampal formation has been implicated in a growing number of disorders, from
Alzheimer's disease and cognitive ageing to schizophrenia and depression. How can the …

Increasing evidence implicates the microbiota in the regulation of brain and behaviour.
Germ‐free mice (GF; microbiota deficient from birth) exhibit altered stress hormone …

Within the last four decades, our view of the mature vertebrate brain has changed
significantly. Today it is generally accepted that the adult brain is far from being fixed. A …

In response to stress, the brain activates several neuropeptide-secreting systems. This
eventually leads to the release of adrenal corticosteroid hormones, which subsequently feed …

Emotionally significant experiences tend to be well remembered, and the amygdala has a
pivotal role in this process. But the efficient encoding of emotional memories can become …