A ubiquitously expressed cytokine, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) plays a
significant role in various ongoing cellular mechanisms. The gain or loss-of-function of TGF …

The cytokine IL-7 and its receptor, IL-7R, are critical for T cell and, in the mouse, B cell
development, as well as differentiation and survival of naive T cells, and generation and …

Clonal haematopoiesis, which is highly prevalent in older individuals, arises from somatic
mutations that endow a proliferative advantage to haematopoietic cells. Clonal …

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer, and despite cure
rates exceeding 90% in children, it remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in …

Mixed phenotype acute leukaemia (MPAL) is a high-risk subtype of leukaemia with myeloid
and lymphoid features, limited genetic characterization, and a lack of consensus regarding …

T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive haematological malignancy
derived from early T cell progenitors. In recent years genomic and transcriptomic studies …

Relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has remained challenging to treat in children,
with survival rates lagging well behind those observed at initial diagnosis. Although there …

Purpose Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)–like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a high-
risk subtype of childhood ALL characterized by kinase-activating alterations that are …

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive malignancy caused by the
accumulation of genomic lesions that affect the development of T cells. For many years, it …

Early T-cell precursor (ETP) acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (ALL/LBL) is a recently
recognized high-risk T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL/LBL) subgroup. The …