Abstract COMPLEX INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS include not only giant aneurysms
(classically larger than 25 mm in diameter) but also smaller aneurysms in difficult locations …

Orbital approaches for targeting intracranial, orbital, and infratemporal disease have evolved
over the years in an effort to discover safe, reliable, effective, and cosmetically satisfying …

OBJECTIVE: To describe a modification of the pterional approach (PT), the minipterional
craniotomy (MPT), and compare the anatomic exposure provided by these two approaches …

OBJECTIVE: The interpeduncular cistern, including the retroinfundibular area, is one of the
most challenging regions to approach surgically. The pituitary gland and the infundibulum …

OBJECTIVE: To study the microanatomy of the brainstem related to the different safe entry
zones used to approach intrinsic brainstem lesions. METHODS: Ten formalin-fixed and …

OBJECTIVE: Complex basilar aneurysms (large size, wide base, low bifurcation, and
dysmorphic posteriorly projecting domes) frequently fail endovascular treatment. We report …

OBJECT The surgical corridor to the upper third of the clivus and ventral brainstem is
hindered by critical neurovascular structures, such as the cavernous sinus, petrous apex …

Objective Microsurgical clipping of intracranial aneurysms requires meticulous technique
and is usually performed through open approaches. Endoscopic endonasal clipping of …

BACKGROUND: Carefully tailoring the transclival approach to the involved parts of the
upper, middle, or lower clivus requires a precise understanding of the focal relationships of …

Background Lesions involving the cavernous sinus (CS) represent some of the most
challenging pathologies of the skull base owing to the dense traversing and surrounding …