Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) occurs as a result of an imbalance of the anabolic
and catabolic processes in the intervertebral disc, leading to an alteration in the composition …

Study Design. This article comprises a review of the literature pertaining to the normal and
pathological lumbar disc and the compilation of a standardized nomenclature. Objective. To …

OBJECTIVE: Current osteoarthritis (OA) histopathology assessment methods have
difficulties in their utility for early disease, as well as their reproducibility and validity. Our …

of the intervertebra! disk complex begins early in life and is a consequence of a van-ety of
environmental factors as well as normal aging. The pathophysiolo-gy of this disorder is …

Study Design. A histologic study on age-related changes of the human lumbar intervertebral
disc was conducted. Objectives. To investigate comprehensively age-related temporospatial …

A foundation textbook for those requiring an understanding of the structure and
biomechanics of the lumbar spine and sacrum. The book aims to bring together in one …

A five-category grading scheme for assessing the gross morphology of midsagittal sections
of the human lumbar intervertebral disc was developed. The ability of three observers to …

This review begins with a brief introduction in which the development, blood supply and
innervation of the intervertebral disc is considered, particularly as these may influence the …

Standardization of language is difficult, especially among those who have expert knowledge
of the subject and clear understanding of what their own words mean. The difficulties must …

The sequelae of disk degeneration are among the leading causes of functional incapacity in
both sexes and are a common source of chronic disability in the working years. Disk …