Nearly 130 years after the first insights into the existence of mitochondria, new
rolesassociated with these organelles continue to emerge. As essential hubs that dictate cell …

Recent studies indicate that cellular metabolism plays a key role in supporting immune cell
maintenance and development. Here, we review how metabolism guides immune cell …

Dietary phenolic acids alleviate intestinal inflammation through altering gut microbiota
composition and regulating macrophage activation. However, it is unclear how individual …

The transcription factor Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been mainly
investigated as a regulator of redox homeostasis. However, research over the past years …

Macrophages are critical mediators of tissue homeostasis, with the function of tissue
development and repair, but also in defense against pathogens. Tumor-associated …

Macrophage polarization is the driving force of various inflammatory diseases, especially
those involved in M1/M2 imbalance. N6-methyladenosine (m 6 A) is the most prevalent …

Immunometabolism revealed the crucial role of cellular metabolism in controlling immune
cell phenotype and functions. Macrophages, key immune cells that support progression of …

First administered to a human subject as a tuberculosis (TB) vaccine on July 18, 1921,
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has a long history of use for the prevention of TB and later …

Renewed interest in immune cell metabolism has led to the emergence of a research field
aimed at studying the importance of metabolic processes for an effective immune response …

M2-tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in tumor genesis,
progression, and metastasis, and repolarizing M2-TAMs to immune-promoting M1 type is …