According to some estimates, more than half of the world's population is multilingual to some
extent. Because of the centrality of language use to human experience and the deep …

Several researchers have suggested that learning and using a second language requires
domain-general executive functions, and many have shown that bilinguals outperform …

The hypothesis that managing two languages enhances general executive functioning is
examined. More than 80% of the tests for bilingual advantages conducted after 2011 yield …

Debate continues on whether a bilingual advantage exists with respect to executive
functioning. This report synthesized the results of 170 studies to test whether the bilingual …

A contentious issue in contemporary psycholinguistics is whether bilingualism enhances
executive functions. Here, we report a meta-analysis of 80 studies (253 effect sizes) …

The Language Experience and Proficiency Questionnaire (LEAP-Q) is a validated
questionnaire tool for collecting self-reported proficiency and experience data from bilingual …

Paap and Greenberg concluded that there is no coherent evidence for bilingual advantages
in executive processing. More optimistic researchers believe that the advantages may be …

Drawing on the adaptive control hypothesis (Green & Abutalebi, 2013), we investigated
whether bilinguals' disparate interactional contexts modulate task-switching performance …

The bilingual advantage hypothesis is difficult to test for many reasons and one is the
complexity of the executive functioning (EF) construct. The newest wave of meta‐anlayses …

Participants completed three cued-switching tasks, responded to two category-fluency
probes, two letter-fluency probes, and two probes to alternate between two targets …