Biomarkers can be thought of as multifaceted indicators of healthy status or of pathological
disorders. The study of multiple sclerosis can benefit from the use of biomarkers because of …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common, disabling, putatively autoimmune neurological disease
with worldwide distribution. It typically begins as a relapsing disorder that later evolves to a …

Multiple sclerosis is one of the most common causes of chronic neurological disability
beginning in early to middle adult life. Multiple sclerosis is idiopathic in nature, yet …

The identification of factors that can affect the efficacy of immunomodulatory drugs in
relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) is important. For the available interferon-beta …

The safety and efficacy of protein pharmaceuticals depend not only on biological activity but
also on purity levels. Impurities may be process related because of limitations in …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder of the brain and spinal cord that
predominantly affects white matter. MS has a variable clinical presentation and has no …

Objective To identify promising candidate genes linked to interindividual differences in the
efficacy of interferon beta therapy. Recombinant interferon beta therapy is widely used to …

Disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) are only
partly effective—breakthrough disease commonly occurs despite treatment. Breakthrough …

Interferon beta is widely used as first-line treatment for relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis
(RRMS). Several products are marketed world-wide, and biosimilar products are emerging …

The era of disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment began in
the 1990s, first with interferon-β (IFNβ), and the number of agents has increased steadily …