The synthetic cathinones are derived from the naturally occurring drug cathinone found in
the khat plant (Catha edulis) and have chemical structures and neurochemical …

The study of sex as a biological variable is a necessary emphasis across a wide array of
endpoints, including basic neuroscience, medicine, mental health, physiology and behavior …

Drug use and abuse are complex issues in that the basis of each may involve different
determinants and consequences, and the transition from one to the other may be equally …

New psychoactive substances (NPS), often referred as 'legal highs' or 'designer drugs', are
derivatives and analogs of existing psychoactive drugs that are introduced in the …

The α-pyrrolidino-phenone cathinone stimulants first came to widespread attention because
of bizarre behavior consequent to the use of α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP,“flakka”) …

As manifestations of excessive and uncontrolled intake, obesity and drug addiction have
generated much research aimed at identifying common neuroadaptations that could …

The synthetic cathinone α‐pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α‐PVP) continues to be abused
despite being banned by regulatory agencies. The abused formulation of α‐PVP is a …

Rationale The majority of synthetic cathinone research has used only male subjects, and as
a result there are few studies assessing the impact of biological sex on their effects …

Recently, use of the synthetic cathinone (aka “bath salt”) eutylone has risen in the United
States and globally. Due to its novelty in drug markets, its affective properties remain largely …

Methylone's rewarding effects have been well characterized; however, little is known about
its aversive effects and how such effects may be impacted by sex. In this context, the present …