Background Using blood lactate monitoring for risk assessment in the critically ill patient
remains controversial. Some of the discrepancy is due to uncertainty regarding the …

Peter Stewart added controversy to an already troubled subject when he entered the clinical
acid-base arena. His approach puts water dissociation at the centre of the acid-base status …

Background Lactate has been shown to be a prognostic biomarker in trauma. Although
lactate clearance has already been proposed as an intermediate endpoint in randomized …

Objectives We investigate the clinical utility of the lactate/albumin (L/A) ratio as an early
prognostic marker of ICU mortality in a large cohort of unselected critically ill patients …

Purpose: The traditional approach and the Stewart approach have been developed for
evaluating acid–base phenomena. While some experts have suggested that the two …

Background Lactate concentration is a robust predictor of mortality but in many low resource
settings facilities for its analysis are not available. Anion gap (AG), calculated from clinical …

Background This cohort study compared the prognostic significance of strong ion gap (SIG)
with other acid-base markers in the critically ill. Methods The relationships between SIG …

For the past 5 decades, a bicarbonate-based approach has been the dominant method used
for the diagnosis and treatment of acid-base disorders. This approach, however, has been …

Background Metabolic acidosis is an important abnormality in ill and injured dogs and cats.
Objectives To describe the incidence, nature, and etiology of metabolic acidosis in dogs and …

Trauma patients require early assessment of injury severity. Trauma scores, although well
validated, can be unwieldy in the emergency clinical setting. We sought to evaluate the …