Cytokines are involved in intestinal homeostasis and pathological processes associated
with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The biological effects of cytokines, including several …

Teleost fish possess an adaptive immune system associated with each of their mucosal
body surfaces. Evidence obtained from mucosal vaccination and mucosal infection studies …

MAIT cells are an unconventional T cell population that can be activated through both TCR-
dependent and TCR-independent mechanisms. Here, we examined the impact of …

T cells are the central mediators of both humoral and cellular adaptive immune responses.
Highly specific receptor-mediated clonal selection and expansion of T cells assure antigen …

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination significantly reduces morbidity and mortality, but has less impact
on viral transmission rates, thus aiding viral evolution, and the longevity of vaccine-induced …

Candida albicans is a dimorphic commensal fungus that causes severe oral infections in
immunodeficient patients. Invasion of C. albicans hyphae into oral epithelium is an essential …

Numerous species of nematodes have evolved to inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of animals
and humans, with over a billion of the world's population infected with at least one species …

Human monocytes are a heterogeneous cell population classified into three different
subsets: Classical CD14++ CD16-, intermediate CD14++ CD16+, and non-classical CD14+ …

TL1A and its functional receptor DR3 are members of the TNF/TNFR superfamilies of
proteins. Binding of APC-derived TL1A to lymphocytic DR3 provides co-stimulatory signals …

The induction of immunological memory, which is mediated by memory T and B cells, is
central to adaptive protective immunity to pathogens induced by previous infection and is the …