The mucus clearance system is the dominant mechanical host defense system of the human
lung. Mucus is cleared from the lung by cilia and airflow, including both two-phase gas-liquid …

Respiratory cilia are the driving force of the mucociliary escalator, working in conjunction
with secreted airway mucus to clear inhaled debris and pathogens from the conducting …

Mucus clearance is the primary defense mechanism that protects airways from inhaled
infectious and toxic agents. In the current gel-on-liquid mucus clearance model, a mucus gel …

Cilia and flagella are fundamental units of motion in cellular biology. These beating, hair-like
organelles share a common basic structure but maintain widely varying functions in systems …

Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 have shown effective evasion of population immunity and
increased affinity to the cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) …

Despite their overwhelming complexity, living cells display a high degree of internal
mechanical and functional organization which can largely be attributed to the intracellular …

Magnetically actuated ciliary microrobots were designed, fabricated and manipulated to
mimic cilia-based microorganisms such as paramecia. Full three-dimensional (3D) …

Cilia broadly exist in a wide range of living systems. The metachronal waves generated by
arrays of beating cilia are essential for realizing complex biological functions, such as …

Circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contributes to body axis formation and brain
development. Here, we investigated the unexplained origins of the CSF flow bidirectionality …

Human lung function is intricately linked to blood flow and breathing cycles, but it remains
unknown how these dynamic cues shape human airway epithelial biology. Here we report a …