This article investigates whether teachers grade students with a migration background
(SMBs) less generously than native students with comparable academic skills, and it …

Teachers' evaluations of students do not consider only academic competence, but are
imbued with social considerations related to individual teacher and student characteristics …

We analyse how schooling in multigrade classes affects the formation of student cognitive
and non-cognitive skills. Our identification strategy is based on some institutional features of …

We aim to uncover grading bias by gender, socio-economic status, ethnic/migration
background as well as body weight in the German secondary school system. Following an …

Discrimination and prejudice against overweight people is common in Western societies. In
this article we aim to understand whether these attitudes reverberate into the school setting …

Even if marks are crucial for students' educational careers and school-related decisions and
although grading standards are a relevant topic in public debate about Italian education, in …

Using Progress in International Reading Literacy Study 2001 and Programme for
International Student Assessment 2003 data for Germany, this paper examines whether …

National assessments can be used to explore the strictness of teachers in grading students
by comparing student grades to their scores on standardised tests. Several factors influence …

This paper estimates ability peer effects on achievement growth in reading and math. It
exploits variation in peer characteristics generated at the transition from primary to …

Despite the growing attention on teachers' grading practices in educational research, less
attention has been dedicated to understanding the consequences of teachers' grading …