Metal ions are essential for many reactions, but excess metals can be toxic. In bacteria,
metal limitation activates pathways that are involved in the import and mobilization of metals …

The advent of heme during evolution allowed organisms possessing this compound to
safely and efficiently carry out a variety of chemical reactions that otherwise were difficult or …

Iron is essential to virtually all organisms, but poses problems of toxicity and poor solubility.
Bacteria have evolved various mechanisms to counter the problems imposed by their iron …

Control of metal homeostasis is essential for life in all kingdoms. In most prokaryotic
organisms the FUR (ferric uptake regulator) family of transcriptional regulators is involved in …

This is the second set of Handbook of Porphyrin Science. Porphyrins, phthalocyanines and
their numerous analogues and derivatives are materials of tremendous importance in …

Iron is an essential micronutrient, and, in the case of bacteria, its availability is commonly a
growth-limiting factor. However, correct functioning of cells requires that the labile pool of …

The ferric uptake regulator (Fur) protein, as originally described in Escherichia coli, is an iron-
sensing repressor that controls the expression of genes for siderophore biosynthesis and …

Heme (iron protoporphyrin IX) is an essential molecule for numerous living organisms. Not
only does it serve as a prosthetic group in enzymes, it also acts as a signaling molecule that …

The transcription repressor Bach1 is a sensor and effector of heme that regulates the
expression of heme oxygenase 1 and globin genes. Heme binds to Bach1, inhibiting its …

Heme serves as a co-factor in proteins involved in fundamental biological processes
including oxidative metabolism, oxygen storage and transport, signal transduction and drug …