The vacuoles of plant cells are multifunctional organelles that are central to cellular
strategies of plant development. They share some of their basic properties with the vacuoles …

The rapid production and accumulation of active oxygen species (AOS), the oxidative burst,
has been shown to occur in a variety of plant/pathogen systems. In particular, two species …

Major barriers to delivery of biomolecules are crossing the cellular membranes and
achieving a high cytoplasmic concentration by circumventing entrapment into endosomes …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of plants is comprised of a three‐dimensional network of
continuous tubules and sheets that underlies the plasma membrane, courses through the …

Background: In contrast to the intense attention devoted to research on intracellular sterol
trafficking in animal cells, knowledge about sterol transport in plant cells remains limited …

Endocytosis is the internalization of plasma membrane proteins and lipids, extracellular
molecules, fluids, particles, exosomes, viruses, and bacteria. Endocytic internalization is a …

Exocytosis is a general term used to denote vesicle fusion at the plasma membrane, and it is
the final step in the secretory pathway that typically begins in the endoplasmic reticulum …

Three aspects of the Golgi apparatus; the structure of the Golgi stack-trans Golgi network
(TGN) units, the biochemical and functional properties of the different cisternae, and the …

Interest on the environmental impacts of engineered nanomaterials has rapidly increased
over the past years because it is expected that these materials will eventually be released …

The beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii is able to establish a feeding structure
(syncytium) in the vascular tissue of roots and shoots of Arabidopsis thaliana. Histological …