The hypothalamus‐pituitary‐thyroid (HPT) axis determines the set point of thyroid hormone
(TH) production. Hypothalamic thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates the …

Identification of the thyroid transcription factors (TTFs), NKX2-1, FOXE1, PAX8 and HHEX,
has considerably advanced our understanding of thyroid development, congenital thyroid …

Thyroid hormones (THs), including T4 and T3, are produced and released by the thyroid
gland under the stimulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The homeostasis of THs is …

Abstract Thyroid transcription factor 1 (NKX2-1/TITF1) mutations cause brain–lung–thyroid
syndrome, characterized by congenital hypothyroidism (CH), infant respiratory distress …

Context: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a common endocrine disorder with an incidence
of 1: 3000–4000 at birth. In 80–85% of cases, CH is caused by defects in thyroid …

Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, storage, and secretion require a series of highly regulated
steps. Iodide, the ratelimiting substrate for thyroid hormone synthesis, is actively transported …

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Activation of the β-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF) complex occurs in
most colon tumors, and its actions correlate with the neoplastic phenotype of intestinal …

Deficiency in Krüppel-like zinc finger transcription factor GLI-similar 3 (GLIS3) in humans is
associated with the development of congenital hypothyroidism. However, the functions of …

Pendred syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by sensorineural
hearing impairment, presence of goiter, and a partial defect in iodide organification, which …

Context: Terminal differentiation of the human thyroid is characterized by the onset of follicle
formation and thyroid hormone synthesis at 11 gestational weeks (GW). Objective: This …