Scientific evidence is mounting that synthetic chemicals used as food additives may have
harmful impacts on health. Food additives are chemicals that are added to food to keep it …

The development of the vertebrate eyes is a complex process starting from anterior-posterior
and dorso-ventral patterning of the anterior neural tube, resulting in the formation of the eye …

Three embryonic tissue sources—the neural ectoderm, the surface ectoderm, and the
periocular mesenchyme—contribute to the formation of the mammalian eye. For this reason …

Normal hypothalamopituitary development is closely related to that of the forebrain and is
dependent upon a complex genetic cascade of transcription factors and signaling molecules …

Microphthalmia, anophthalmia and coloboma (MAC) are distinct phenotypes that represent
a continuum of structural developmental eye defects. In severe bilateral cases …

The genetic basis for combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) is complex, involving
30 genes in a variety of syndromic and nonsyndromic presentations. Molecular diagnosis of …

Approximately 10% of humans with anophthalmia (absent eye) or severe microphthalmia
(small eye) show haploid insufficiency due to mutations in SOX2, a SOXB1-HMG box …

Anophthalmia and microphthalmia describe, respectively, the absence of an eye and the
presence of a small eye within the orbit. The combined birth prevalence of these conditions …

Bestrophin-1 is an integral membrane protein, encoded by the BEST1 gene, which is
located in the basolateral membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium. The bestrophin-1 …

Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS) or Goldenhar syndrome is due to an abnormal
development of first and second branchial arches derivatives during embryogenesis and is …