Iron plays a significant role in the body, and is specifically important to athletes, since it is a
dominant feature in processes such as oxygen transport and energy metabolism. Despite its …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism
as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion. Oxidative …

Anemia is very common in patients with inflammatory disorders. Its prevalence is associated
with severity of the underlying disease, and it negatively affects quality of life and cardio …

We know that blood plasma contains many proteins and also other components that bind
copper. The largest contributor to copper in the plasma is ceruloplasmin, which accounts for …

The trace element copper (Cu) is part of our nutrition and essentially needed for several
cuproenzymes that control redox status and support the immune system. In blood, the …

Ascorbate is a cofactor in numerous metabolic reactions. Humans cannot synthesize
ascorbate owing to inactivation of the gene encoding the enzyme l-gulono-γ-lactone …

Mitochondria have a myriad of essential functions including metabolism and apoptosis.
These chief functions are reliant on electron transfer reactions and the production of ATP …

Iron is a crucial factor for life. However, it also has the potential to cause the formation of
noxious free radicals. These double-edged sword characteristics demand a tight regulation …

Transient “kiss and run” interactions between endosomes containing iron-bound transferrin
(Tf) and mitochondria have been shown to facilitate direct iron transfer in erythroid cells. In …

While magnetic nanoparticles offer exciting possibilities for stem cell imaging or tissue
bioengineering, their long-term intracellular fate remains to be fully documented. Besides, it …