Epidemiologic studies have previously suggested that premenopausal females have
reduced incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) when compared to age-matched males …

Estrogens mediate profound effects throughout the body and regulate physiological and
pathological processes in both women and men. The low prevalence of many diseases in …

Tissue growth and function depend on vascularization, and vascular insufficiency or excess
exacerbates many human diseases. Identification of the biological processes involved in …

Estrogen is a potent steroid with pleiotropic effects, which have yet to be fully elucidated.
Estrogen has both nuclear and non-nuclear effects. The rapid response to estrogen, which …

Sex differences between women and men are often overlooked and underappreciated when
studying the cardiovascular system. It has been long assumed that men and women are …

Using cDNA cloning strategies commonly employed for G protein-coupled receptors
(GPCR), GPCR-30 (GPR30), was isolated from mammalian cells before knowledge of its …

Men and women have different mean haemoglobin levels in health in venous blood—
women have mean levels approximately 12% lower than men. A similar sex-related …

Estrogen has important effects on cardiovascular function including regulation of vascular
function, blood pressure, endothelial relaxation, and the development of hypertrophy and …

GPER/GPR30 is a seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled estrogen receptor that
regulates many aspects of mammalian biology and physiology. We have previously …

The prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) sharply increases in women
after menopause and may lead to heart failure. While evidence suggests that estrogens …