Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 1419–1434 Abstract Ocean acidification is a pervasive stressor
that could affect many marine organisms and cause profound ecological shifts. A variety of …

Most fish studied to date efficiently compensate for a hypercapnic acid-base disturbance;
however, many recent studies examining the effects of ocean acidification on fish have …

Energy balance is a fundamental requirement of stress adaptation and tolerance. We
explore the links between metabolism, energy balance and stress tolerance using aquatic …

Ocean ecosystems have responded and will continue to respond to climate changes of
different rates, magnitudes, and durations (virtually certain). Human societies depend on …

This paper is the result of an international initiative and is a first attempt to develop
guidelines for the care and welfare of cephalopods (ie nautilus, cuttlefish, squid and …

Global warming and increased atmospheric CO2 are causing the oceans to warm, decrease
in pH and become hypercapnic. These stressors have deleterious impacts on marine …

Anthropogenic CO2 emitted to the atmosphere is absorbed by the oceans, causing a
progressive increase in ocean inorganic carbon concentrations and resulting in decreased …

Ocean warming and acidification occur at global scales and, in the case of temperature,
have already caused shifts in marine ecosystem composition and function. In the case of CO …

Elevations in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) are anticipated to acidify oceans because
of fundamental changes in ocean chemistry created by CO2 absorption from the …

Future ocean acidification has the potential to adversely affect many marine organisms. A
growing body of evidence suggests that many species could suffer from reduced fertilization …