Spina bifida results from failure of fusion of the caudal neural tube, and is one of the most
common malformations of human structure. The causes of this disorder are heterogeneous …

This review evaluates current epidemiologic literature on health effects in relation to
residence near landfill sites. Increases in risk of adverse health effects (low birth weight, birth …

This award-winning classic examines the construction of sexual identity in biology, society,
and history. Why do some people prefer heterosexual love while others fancy the same sex …

Different methods of waste management emit a large number of substances, most in small
quantities and at extremely low levels. Raised incidence of low birth weight births has been …

Background Management of solid waste (mainly landfills and incineration) releases a
number of toxic substances, most in small quantities and at extremely low levels. Because of …

This review summarizes the level of epidemiologic evidence for relationships between
prenatal and/or early life exposure to environmental chemical contaminants and fetal, child …

BACKGROUND Hypospadias is a common congenital malformation of the male external
genitalia. Most cases have an unknown aetiology, which is probably a mix of monogenic …

This thoroughly revised and updated reference addresses the drugs and chemicals causing
malformations and congenital anomalies in the human fetus-comprehensively reviewing …

Spina bifida, anencephaly, and encephalocele are commonly grouped together and termed
neural tube defects (NTD). Failure of closure of the neural tube during development results …

National-level studies examining racial disparities around hazardous waste treatment,
storage, and disposal facilities have been very influential in defining the academic and …