In this paper, we review the current understanding of biomineralization in perforate
foraminifera. Ideas on the mechanisms responsible for the flux of Ca 2+ and inorganic …

The mechanisms by which B cells somatically engineer their genomes to generate the vast
diversity of antibodies required to challenge the nearly infinite number of antigens that …

Synaptic vesicles (SV) are generated by two different mechanisms, one AP-2 dependent
and one AP-3 dependent. It has been uncertain, however, whether these mechanisms …

The quantal hypothesis for the release of neurotransmitters at the chemical synapse has
gained wide acceptance since it was first worked out at the motor endplate in frog skeletal …

In a process called phytoremediation, plants can be used to extract, detoxify, and/or
sequester toxic pollutants from soil, water, and air. Phytoremediation may become an …

In the context of recent climate change and increased anthropogenic activities in coastal
areas, which both may have a negative impact on dissolved oxygen concentration, there is …

The secretory granules constitute one of the less well‐known compartments in terms of
Ca2+ dynamics. They contain large amounts of total Ca2+, but the free intragranular …

Ca2+ transport into synaptic vesicles (SVs) at the presynaptic terminals has been proposed
to be an important process for regulating presynaptic [Ca2+] during stimulation as well as at …

Yeast vacuoles are acidified by the v-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) that is comprised of the
membrane embedded VO complex and the soluble cytoplasmic V 1 complex. The assembly …

We have used an aequorin chimera targeted to the membrane of the secretory granules to
monitor the free [Ca2+] inside them in neurosecretory PC12 cells. More than 95% of the …