Over the past 40 years, Jim Cummins has proposed a number of highly influential theoretical
concepts, including the threshold and interdependence hypotheses and the distinction …

We empirically evaluated three theoretical models—the threshold hypothesis, transfer
theory, and time-on-task theory—for educating English language learners (ELLs), with a …

Previous research has raised concerns that equity may be compromised in content and
language integrated learning (CLIL) education, creating schisms in otherwise fairly …

Aims: The authors develop a contrast between grounded and ungrounded language
ideologies, defining grounded ideologies as those which are anchored empirically and …

Students' self-assessment of language features in their oral explanations of a mathematics
task was supported by language learning progressions. Learning progressions map a …

This study reports on research that examines the family language policy (FLP) and biliteracy
practices of middle-class Chinese immigrant families in a metropolitan area in the southwest …

We examine how two ninth grade mathematics teachers in a linguistically diverse school
used general-everyday and discipline-specific language, along with language access …

This qualitative study examined how specific instructional supports intended to scaffold
emergent bilinguals' oral production of explanations facilitated or constrained students' …

Despite decades of research on reading development and instructional practices that
promote reading proficiency, millions of children in the United States still fail to acquire …

Prominent discourses about emergent bilinguals' academic abilities tend to focus on
performance as measured by test scores and perpetuate the message that emergent …