Brain health is intimately connected to fluid flow dynamics that cleanse the brain of
potentially harmful waste material. This system is regulated by vascular dynamics, the …

The stimulation of deep brain structures has thus far only been possible with invasive
methods. Transcranial electrical temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) is a novel …

In this review, we summarize preclinical and clinical trials investigating innovative
neuromodulatory approaches for Parkinson disease (PD) motor symptom management. We …

Deep brain stimulation with implanted electrodes has transformed neuroscience studies and
treatment of neurological and psychiatric conditions. Discovering less invasive alternatives …

Electrical stimulation can regulate brain activity, producing clear clinical benefits, but focal
and effective neuromodulation often requires surgically implanted electrodes. Recent …

Background Invasive deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been shown to be effective in
treating patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), yet its clinical use is limited to patients at the …

Because of the depth of the hippocampal-entorhinal complex (HC-EC) in the brain,
understanding of its role in spatial navigation via neuromodulation was limited in humans …

Background Electrical stimulation involving temporal interference of two different kHz
frequency sinusoidal electric fields (temporal interference (TI)) enables non-invasive deep …

Brain stimulation is an increasingly popular neuromodulatory tool used in both clinical and
research settings; however, the effects of brain stimulation, particularly those of non-invasive …

Background Transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) is a new, emerging
neurostimulation technology that utilizes two or more electric fields at specific frequencies to …