CONTEXT: The introduction of new lithotripters has increased problems associated with
shock wave application. Recent studies concerning mechanisms of stone disintegration …

Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) is the only noninvasive method for stone removal. Once
considered as a primary option for the treatment of virtually all stones, SWL is now …

The European Association of Urology (EAU) Urolithiasis Guidelines Panel has prepared
these guidelines to help urologists assess evidence-based management of stones/calculi in …

Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) has proven to be a highly effective treatment for the removal of
kidney stones. Shock waves (SWs) can be used to break most stone types, and because …

A number of factors must be considered in determining the optimal treatment for patients
with renal or ureteral calculi. These factors may be grouped into four broad categories: stone …

It is well recognized that the popularity of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL),
despite its non-invasive character, has decreased during recent years. This is partly …

Purpose: Although experimental evidence suggests that the rate of shock wave delivery can
affect the outcome of shock wave lithotripsy, clinical studies produce conflicting results. We …

Cavitation memory effects occur when remnants of cavitation bubbles (nuclei) persist in the
host medium and act as seeds for subsequent events. In pulsed cavitational ultrasound …

OBJECTIVES: To determine the patient and noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT)
stone characteristics that predict either of 2 extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) …

Background and Purpose: Stones break better when the rate of shockwave (SW) delivery is
slowed. It has been hypothesized that the greater cavitation accompanying a fast rate …