The past 15 years have witnessed tremendous progress in the molecular understanding of
osteoblasts, the main bone-forming cells in the vertebrate skeleton. In particular, all of the …

Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease are chronic diseases affecting a large number of
populations worldwide. Changed bone metabolism is one of the important long-term …

Estrogens are important for bone metabolism via a variety of mechanisms in osteoblasts,
osteocytes, osteoclasts, immune cells and other cells to maintain bone mineral density …

Context: There is growing interest in the relationship between bone mineral density, bone
strength, and fat depots. Marrow adipose tissue, a well-established component of the …

Leptin originates in adipocytes, including those in bone marrow, and circulates in
concentrations 20 to 90 times higher than those in the cerebrospinal fluid. It has direct …

Substantial evidence does not support the prevailing view that leptin, acting through a
hypothalamic relay, decreases bone accrual by inhibiting bone formation. To clarify the …

Evidence indicating that adult type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with increased fracture
risk continues to mount. Unlike osteoporosis, diabetic fractures are associated with obesity …

As a major late complication of diabetes, diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the
primary reason for amputation. Nevertheless, there are no wonder drugs available …

Recent advances in understanding the role of bone in the systemic regulation of energy
metabolism indicate that bone marrow cells, adipocytes and osteoblasts, are involved in this …

The rising incidence of metabolic diseases worldwide has prompted renewed interest in the
study of intermediary metabolism and cellular bioenergetics. The application of modern …