This is the first comprehensive review on methods and materials for use in optical sensing of
pH values and on applications of such sensors. The Review starts with an introduction that …

Exploring and understanding biological and pathological changes are of great significance
for early diagnosis and therapy of diseases. Optical sensing and imaging approaches have …

This article gives an overview of the various kinds of nanoparticles (NPs) that are widely
used for purposes of fluorescent imaging, mainly of cells and tissues. Following an …

Environment-related parameters, including viscosity, polarity, temperature, hypoxia, and pH,
play pivotal roles in controlling the physical or chemical behaviors of local molecules. In …

All living species and life forms have an absolute requirement for bio-functional metals and
acid–base equilibrium chemistry owing to the critical roles they play in biological processes …

There has been a consistent increase in output related to the development and application
of optical chemical sensors since∼ 1980. The rise of activity was linked to the major …

Conventional downcoversion fluorescent materials, including organic dyes and
semiconductor quantum dots, are widely used as fluorophores for biological imaging and …

The whole picture: Carbon nanodots labeled with two fluorescent dyes have been
developed as a tunable ratiometric pH sensor to measure intracellular pH. The nanosensor …

In recent years, multifunctional nanoparticles have received considerable attention in many
applications such as biosensors, diagnostic nanoprobes, and targeted drug delivery.[1] …

Exposing cells to an electric field leads to electroporation of the cell membrane which has
already been explored and used in a number of applications in medicine and food …