Through fiscal policy, the government can influence businesses and individuals in order to
regulate their behaviour. The research used panel data from all 27 EU countries covering …

Inclusive development has as of late ended up a curious issue to be considered more
profoundly, particularly within the financial sector as outlined within the concept of money …

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the determinants and the
impact of financial development on shadow economy in OIC countries and then compared …

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between macroeconomic
fundamentals, intuitional quality and shadow economy. Design/methodology/approach By …

This study endeavours to expand our knowledge on the role of colonial history, socialist
history, religion, and legal systems in explaining the size of the shadow economy across …

We investigate the relationship between digitalization and the shadow economy in 42
African countries using unbalanced panel data from 2003 to 2016. We begin by drawing on …

Purpose The effects of government expenditure on the shadow economy have been
investigated. However, the effect from a moderating factor that affects this relationship has …

This article is aimed at identification of the shadow economy's causal factors and indicators
in 19 Eurozone member states over the period from 2005 to 2016. Application of the MIMIC …

This study is the first to calculate the size and development of the informal/shadow
economies in the agricultural sector for 15 “old” EU countries over 1996–2019. The multiple …

Purpose This paper contributes to the literature concerning the Nigerian informal economy
(IE) by estimating its size from 1991 to 2017 and identifying the major causes …