Under physiological conditions, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is present at low levels in the
extracellular milieu, being massively released by stressed or dying cells. Once outside the …

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common adult leukemia often arising from a preexistent
myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). High mortality rates of AML are caused by relapse and …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) combines light, a photosensitizing chemical substance, and
molecular oxygen to elicit cell death and is employed in the treatment of a variety of …

The P2X7 receptor is an ion channel gated by the nucleotide ATP, known for its role in
immune responses and recently emerging as a critical onco-promoting factor. Lymphocytes …

P2 receptors are a family of transmembrane receptors activated by nucleotides and
nucleosides. Two classes have been described in mammals, P2X and P2Y, which are …

Abstract According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is one of main causes of
death worldwide, with 8.2 million people dying from this disease in 2012. Because of this …

A common adverse effect of radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients is dry mouth or
xerostomia. During radiotherapy, cancerous cells are targeted; however, collateral damage …

Ion channels play essential roles in the functional balance of cells, whether in the context of
electrical balance or in the activation of signaling pathways for specific processes. Pore …

Live-cell flow cytometry is increasingly used among cell biologists to quantify biological
processes in a living cell culture. This protocol describes a method whereby live-cell flow …

Head and neck cancers are currently the sixth most common cancer in the world and even if
their survival rates during the past three decades has significantly improved, the morbidity …