Early-life stress during critical periods of brain development can have long-term effects on
physical and mental health. Oxytocin is a critical social regulator and anti-inflammatory …

Background Drug addiction, characterized by compulsive drug use and high relapse rates,
arises from complex interactions between reward and aversion systems in the brain. The …

Visceral and somatic pain serve as protective mechanisms against external threats.
Accumulated evidence has confirmed that the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH) plays an …

Negative pain expectation including pain catastrophizing is a well-known clinical
phenomenon whereby patients amplify the aversive value of a painful or oftentimes even a …

Many species of animals exhibit caregiving or aggression toward conspecific offspring. The
neural mechanisms underlying the infanticide and pup care remain poorly understood …

Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) often suffer from varying degrees of neuropathic pain.
Non-invasive repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been shown to improve …

Background Migraine is among the most prevalent and burdensome neurological disorders
in the United States based on disability-adjusted life years. Cortical spreading …

The comorbidity of pain and depression is frequently observed in patients suffering from
chronic pain and depression. However, the comorbid mechanism is not well elucidated and …

Chronic pain, as a social public health problem, has a serious impact on the quality of
patients' life. Currently, the main drugs used to treat chronic pain are opioids, antipyretic, and …

Visceral hypersensitivity, a common clinical manifestation of irritable bowel syndrome, may
contribute to the development of chronic visceral pain, which is a major challenge for both …