Abstract Circadian (24-h) clocks are cell-autonomous biological oscillators that orchestrate
many aspects of our physiology on a daily basis. Numerous circadian rhythms in …

The mammalian retina is the most unique tissue among those that display robust
circadian/diurnal oscillations. The retina is not only a light sensing tissue that relays light …

The rod and cone photoreceptor cells of the vertebrate retina have highly specialized
structures that enable them to carry out their function of light detection over a broad range of …

Human cone phototropism is a key mechanism underlying the Stiles-Crawford effect, a
psychophysiological phenomenon according to which photoreceptor outer/inner segments …

Vertebrate photoreceptors detect light through a large cilium-based outer segment, which is
filled with photopigment-laden membranous discs. Surrounding the base of the outer …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) belongs to the ALS-frontotemporal dementia (FTD)
spectrum and is hallmarked by upper and lower motor neuron degeneration. Here, we …

Cytoplasmic dynein (dynein 1), a major retrograde motor of eukaryotic cells, is a 1.4 MDa
protein complex consisting of a pair of heavy chains (DYNC1H1) and a set of heterodimeric …

Cytoplasmic dyneins (dynein-1 and dynein-2) transport cargo toward the minus end of
microtubules and thus, are termed the “retrograde” cellular motor. Dynein-1 cargo may …

Cryptochromes (CRY) are highly conserved signalling molecules that regulate circadian
rhythms and are candidate radical pair based magnetoreceptors. Birds have at least four …

Purpose: Cytoplasmic dynein-1 (henceforth dynein) moves cargo in conjunction with
dynactin toward the minus end of microtubules. The dynein heavy chain, DYNC1H1 …