The centenary of insulin discovery represents an important opportunity to transform diabetes
from a fatal diagnosis into a medically manageable chronic condition. Insulin is a key …

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most prevalent liver disease
in the world, yet there are still no approved pharmacological therapies to prevent or treat this …

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα), PPARδ and PPARγ are transcription
factors that regulate gene expression following ligand activation. PPARα increases cellular …

Many studies have reported that metabolic dysfunction is closely involved in the complex
mechanism underlying the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which …

E3 ubiquitin ligases are a large family of enzymes that join in a three-enzyme ubiquitination
cascade together with ubiquitin activating enzyme E1 and ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 …

Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α (PPAR α) is a nuclear receptor of clinical
interest as a drug target in various metabolic disorders. PPAR α also exhibits marked anti …

Progressive liver fibrosis, induced by chronic viral and metabolic disorders, leads to more
than one million deaths annually via development of cirrhosis, although no antifibrotic …

The worldwide prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is estimated to have
reached 25% or more in adults. NAFLD is prevalent in obese individuals, but may also affect …

The ability to efficiently adapt metabolism by substrate sensing, trafficking, storage, and
utilization, dependent on availability and requirement, is known as metabolic flexibility. In …

Phospholipids are major constituents of biological membranes. The fatty acyl chain
composition of phospholipids determines the biophysical properties of membranes and …