We define a new, more semantic interpretation of gradual types and use it to``gradualize''two
forms of polymorphism: subtyping polymorphism and implicit parametric polymorphism. In …

Type migration is the process of adding types to untyped code to gain assurance at compile
time. TypeScript and other gradual type systems facilitate type migration by allowing …

Gradually typed languages allow programmers to mix statically and dynamically typed code,
enabling them to incrementally reap the benefits of static typing as they add type annotations …

TypeScript and Python are two programming languages that support optional type
annotations, which are useful but tedious to introduce and maintain. This has motivated …

Refinement types allow for lightweight program verification by enriching types with logical
predicates. Liquid typing provides a decidable refinement inference mechanism that is …

We can tease apart the research on gradual types into twolineages': a pragmatic,
implementation-oriented dynamic-first lineage and a formal, type-theoretic, static-first …

Python's dynamic typing facilitates rapid prototyping and underlies its popularity in many
domains. However, dynamic typing reduces the power of many static checking and bug …

Mixed-typed languages enable programmers to link typed and untyped components in
various ways. Some offer rich type systems to facilitate the smooth migration of untyped code …

Gradual typing has emerged as a popular design point in programming languages,
attracting significant interests from both academia and industry. Programmers in gradually …

Programmers can use gradual types to migrate programs to have more precise type
annotations and thereby improve their readability, efficiency, and safety. Such migration …