At the start of Run 2 in 2015, the LHC delivered proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass
energy of 13 TeV. During Run 2 (years 2015-2018) the LHC eventually reached a luminosity …

The CERN LHC collides bunches of particles in the CMS and ATLAS experiments at a
maximum rate of about 40MHz, where the bunches are spaced 25ns apart. Of these only …

When operated with the nominal bunch spacing of 25 ns, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
suffers from significant electron cloud effects. During the second operational run (Run 2) of …

The electron-cloud phenomenon is one cause of beam instabilities in high intensity positive
particle accelerators. Among the proposed techniques to mitigate or control this detrimental …

More than a century after the discovery of the electron, there are still fundamental, yet
unresolved, questions concerning the generation-ejection mechanism of the ubiquitous …

One of the main limitations for future high-performance accelerators operating with positively
charged particles is the formation of an electron-cloud inside the beam vacuum chamber …

Several of the machines in the CERN accelerator complex, in particular the Large Hadron
Collider (LHC) and the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), are prone to the build-up of …

Run 2 of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) started in April 2015 and was successfully
completed on 10th December 2018, achieving largely all goals set in terms of luminosity …

Abstract The High Luminosity (HL-LHC) project aims to increase the integrated luminosity of
CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC) by an order of magnitude compared to its initial …

Abstract In 2015 the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) restarted for Run 2 after a two year long
shutdown to consolidate the machine for operation at nominal beam energy. Following a few …