Concepts in graph theory are widely applied in various fields, where graphs are used to
describe problems in order to give methods of solutions. In DNA computing, the complexity …

A semigraph is one of the generalization of graphs. Different from the hypergraph, a
semigraph generalizes a graph in a straightforward manner where the edges of the graph …

In this paper the structural equivalence of union, intersection ring sum and decomposition of
semigraphs are explored by using the various types of isomorphisms such as isomorphism …

Graph theory [1] is a study of some 2-tuple (u, v) of distinct elements belonging to a set of
vertices V, with a condition that for each such 2-tuple,(u, v)=(v, u). Semigraph theory [2] is a …