A milestone in vertebrate evolution, the transition from water to land, owes its success to the
development of a sprawling body plan that enabled an amphibious lifestyle. The body …

Over the past century, various modern analogs have been used to infer the evolution of
locomotor performance in stem tetrapods and their fish ancestors, with varying success …

The evolutionary transition from early synapsids to therian mammals involved profound
reorganization in locomotor anatomy and function, centered around a shift from “sprawled” …

The invasion of land was a pivotal event in vertebrate evolution that was associated with
major appendicular modifications. Although fossils indicate that the evolution of …

Determining the mechanical output of limb joints is critical for understanding the control of
complex motor behaviours such as walking. In the case of insect walking, the neural …

Salamanders have captured the interest of biologists and roboticists for decades because of
their ability to locomote in different environments and their resemblance to early …

Devonian stem tetrapods are thought to have used 'crutching'on land, a belly-dragging form
of synchronous forelimb action-powered locomotion. During the Early Carboniferous, early …

During locomotion over land, vertebrates' limb bones are exposed to loads. Like most
biological structures, limb bones have a capacity to withstand greater loads than they …

This paper is the second of a three-part series that investigates the architecture of
cancellous bone in the main hindlimb bones of theropod dinosaurs, and uses cancellous …

Comparative analyses of locomotion in tetrapods reveal two patterns of stride cycle
variability. Tachymetabolic tetrapods (birds and mammals) have lower inter-cycle variation …