The glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a class BG protein–coupled
receptor (GPCR) that mediates the action of GLP-1, a peptide hormone secreted from three …

The physiological stress response is responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis in the
presence of real or perceived challenges. In this function, the brain activates adaptive …

G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), also called 7TM receptors, form a huge superfamily of
membrane proteins that, upon activation by extracellular agonists, pass the signal to the cell …

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide
(PACAP) are members of a superfamily of structurally related peptide hormones that …

Binding of the glucagon peptide to the glucagon receptor (GCGR) triggers the release of
glucose from the liver during fasting; thus GCGR plays an important role in glucose …

G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell surface receptors. Class
B1 GPCRs constitute a subfamily of 15 receptors that characteristically contain large …

GPCRs exhibit a common architecture of seven transmembrane helices (TMs) linked by
intracellular loops and extracellular loops (ECLs). Given their peripheral location to the site …

Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (7‐36) amide (GLP‐1) is a 30‐residue peptide hormone released
from intestinal L cells following nutrient consumption. It potentiates the glucose‐induced …

The secretin-like (class B) family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are key players in
hormonal homeostasis and are interesting drug targets for the treatment of several metabolic …

The novel neuropeptide spexin (SPX) was discovered using bioinformatics. The function of
this peptide is currently under investigation. Here, we identified SPX along with a second …