How do we know whether judges of different backgrounds are biased? We review the
substantial political science literature on judicial decision making, paying close attention to …

Employing the universe of juvenile court decisions in a US state between 1996 and 2012,
we analyze the effects of emotional shocks associated with unexpected outcomes of football …

Back in the 1940s the political scientist C. Herman Pritchett began tallying the votes and
opinions of Supreme Court Justices. His goal was to use data to test the hypothesis that the …

We present accepted basic arguments on the role of institutions in development and then
discuss the corresponding empirical evidence in support (or not) of those arguments …

Understanding sources of judicial bias is essential for establishing due process. To date,
theories of judicial decision making are rooted in ranked societies with majority–minority …

We investigate the existence of in-group bias (preferential treatment of one's own group) in
court decisions. Using the universe of juvenile-court cases in a US state between 1996 and …

We study judicial in-group bias in Indian criminal courts, collecting data on over 5 million
criminal case records from 2010–2018. We exploit quasi-random assignment of cases to …

We study judicial in-group bias in Indian criminal courts, collecting data onover 80 million
legal case records from 2010–2018. We exploit quasi-random assignment of judges and …

Impartiality stands as a long-established and central pillar of a just legal system,'and an
impartial decision maker2-someone who is independent, neutral, disinterested, unbiased …

To enhance government accountability, reformers have advocated strengthening institutions
of “horizontal accountability,” particularly auditing institutions that can punish lawbreaking …