The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway, which is well studied for its ability to
inhibit cell proliferation in early stages of tumorigenesis while promoting epithelial …

Breast cancer is the most frequent type of malignancy in women worldwide, and drug
resistance to the available systemic therapies remains a major challenge. At the molecular …

Drug resistance is a major challenge in breast cancer (BC) treatment at present.
Accumulating studies indicate that breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are responsible for the …

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a multifunctional cytokine expressed by almost every
tissue and cell type. The signal transduction of TGF-β can stimulate diverse cellular …

The diversity and heterogeneity within high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC), which is
the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, is not well understood. Here, we perform …

Simple Summary Breast cancer (BC) is not a single disease, but a group of different tumors,
and altered HER2 expression defines a particularly aggressive subtype. Although HER2 …

Despite bulk magnetic materials possess multidomain structure, single domain magnetic
crystals can be obtained at the nanoscale, which display superparamagnetic behavior with …

Application of the anti-HER2 drug trastuzumab has significantly improved the prognosis of
patients with the HER2-positive subtype of breast cancer. However, 50% of patients with …

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process through which epithelial cells lose
their epithelial characteristics and cell–cell contact, thus increasing their invasive potential …

Background Trastuzumab is a drug that targets the receptor tyrosine kinase HER2 and is
essential for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. Resistance to the drug leads to …