The hypocretins (H crts), also known as orexins, are two peptides derived from a single
precursor produced in the posterior lateral hypothalamus. Over the past decade, the orexin …

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a highly conserved neuropeptide with orexigenic actions in
discrete hypothalamic nuclei that plays a role in regulating energy homeostasis. NPY …

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma-related condition that produces
distressing fear memory intrusions, avoidance behaviors, hyperarousal/startle, stress …

Monosodium glutamate is a sodium salt of a nonessential amino acid, L-glutamic acid,
which is widely used in food industry. Glutamate plays an important role in principal brain …

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the most widely used flavor enhancers throughout
the world. The aim of this study is to investigate the genotoxic potential of MSG by using …

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the most extensively used flavour enhancers
worldwide. Although it is widely regarded as a safe food additive with no recommended …

Objective Monosodium glutamate (MSG) commonly consumed as a flavor enhancer and
food additive in most soup, salad, and processed meat. The present study was designed to …

The tight regulation of sleep/wake states is critical for mental and physiological wellbeing.
For example, dysregulation of sleep/wake systems predisposes individuals to metabolic …

Several pieces of evidence support that sleep duration plays a role in body weight control.
Nevertheless, it has been assumed that, after the identification of orexins (hypocretins), the …

Changes in circulating hormones, such as leptin and ghrelin, induce alterations in synaptic
input organization and electrophysiological properties of neurons of the arcuate nucleus of …