The Lotka-Volterra (LV) model was introduced in the early 20th Century to describe predator-
prey systems. Since then, the model has been expanded to capture the dynamics of …

Accurately estimating reference crop evapotranspiration (ET o) is crucial for water resource
management and precise irrigation. The FAO-56 Penman–Monteith model has the highest …

In the original Vicsek model, the motion direction of a particle is updated according to its all
neighbors' mean direction. However, the convergence speed of the system is usually low …

Predictions of credit risk, model reliability, monitoring, and efficient loan processing are all
important factors in decision‐making and transparency. Machine learning method is …

Power generation and its distribution are highly required to support the health-care, comfort,
and transportation of next generation. Silicon-based power devices have reached their …

The biological aeration unit consumes the highest energy (67.3%) in wastewater treatment
compared with physical (18.8%) and chemical (13.9%) treatment processes. The high …

Granulation is an important class of production processes in food, chemical and
pharmaceutical manufacturing industries. In urea fertilizer manufacturing, fluidized beds are …

The Baranyi–Roberts model describes the dynamics of the volumetric densities of two
interacting cell populations. We randomize this model by considering that the initial …

In this paper, a mathematical model of the GMA (Generalized Mass Action) system for a
class of microbial continuous fermentation processes is proposed, and the mathematical …

In the original Vicsek model, each particle needs to know its total neighbors' direction and
does not distinguish the coupling strength between them. However, it is very slow to achieve …