Metastasis in lung cancer is a multifaceted process. In this review, we will dissect the
process in several isolated steps such as angiogenesis, hypoxia, circulation, and …

The hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) was initially identified as a transcription factor that
regulated erythropoietin gene expression in response to a decrease in oxygen availability in …

Apoptosis can be induced in response to hypoxia. The severity of hypoxia determines
whether cells become apoptotic or adapt to hypoxia and survive. A hypoxic environment …

Defective function of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor ablates proteolytic
regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor α subunits (HIF-1α and HIF-2α), leading to constitutive …

A solid tumour forms an organ-like structure that is comprised of cancer cells as well as
stroma cells (fibroblasts, inflammatory cells) that are embedded in an extracellular matrix …

A role for hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs) in hypoxia‐dependent regulation of tumor cell
metabolism has been thoroughly investigated and covered in reviews. However, there is …

The hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1) plays a critical role in cellular responses to hypoxia.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate which genes are induced by hypoxia, and …

Maternal immune activation (MIA) is a risk factor for the development of schizophrenia and
autism. Infections during pregnancy activate the mother's immune system and alter the fetal …

Hypoxia and nutrient deprivation are environmental stresses governing the survival and
adaptation of tumor cells in vivo. We have identified a novel role for the Rb tumor suppressor …

Hypoxia (lack of oxygen) is a physiological stress often associated with solid tumors.
Hypoxia correlates with poor prognosis since hypoxic regions within tumors are considered …