Climate change is an invisible, silent killer with calamitous effects on living organisms. As
the sessile organism, plants experience a diverse array of abiotic stresses during …

Being continuously exposed to variable environmental conditions, plants produce
phytohormones to react quickly and specifically to these changes. The phytohormone …

Plants are exposed to an ever-changing environment to which they have to adjust
accordingly. Their response is tightly regulated by complex signaling pathways that all start …

Adverse variations of abiotic environmental cues that deviate from an optimal range impose
stresses to plants. Abiotic stresses severely impede plant physiology and development …

Soil flooding creates composite and complex stress in plants known as either submergence
or waterlogging stress depending on the depth of the water table. In nature, these stresses …

Timely perception of adverse environmental changes is critical for survival. Dynamic
changes in gases are important cues for plants to sense environmental perturbations, such …

Environmental (abiotic) stresses significantly threaten the worldwide crop production and
food security. Rapid, drastic changes in the global climate have exacerbated such stresses …

Plant growth regulators are naturally biosynthesized chemicals in plants that influence
physiological processes. Their synthetic analogous trigger numerous biochemical and …

Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs/CPKs) are key regulators of plant stress
signaling that translate calcium signals into cellular responses by phosphorylating diverse …

This chapter proposes that whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signal transducing
or damaging molecules is mainly dependent on their quality and second, on their quantity …